Quran (Khalifa)

Surah 1:1-7

The opening prayer of the Quran, establishing God's absolute sovereignty and mercy, while petitioning for guidance on the straight path and distinguishing believers from those who incur wrath or go astray.

Surah 2 (Al-Baqarah)

The longest chapter of the Quran, establishing the framework of Islamic law, history, and theology, emphasizing strict monotheism, the continuity of prophethood culminating in the Quran, and the necessity of righteous works for salvation.

Surah 3 (Al-Imran)

This Surah asserts the absolute oneness of God, rejects the divinity of Jesus while affirming his prophethood, and interprets the military defeat at Uhud as a divine test of the believers' obedience and striving.

Surah 4 (An-Nisa)

A Medinan surah establishing social laws regarding women, orphans, and inheritance, while simultaneously issuing strong theological polemics against the Trinity and the Crucifixion of Jesus.

Surah 5 (Al-Ma'idah)

A Medinan surah establishing final legal ordinances, dietary restrictions, and covenants, while explicitly rejecting the Christian Trinity and the divinity of Christ.

Surah 6 (Al-An'am)

A Meccan surah emphasizing strict monotheism, the rejection of idolatry, and the continuity of prophethood while denying the divinity of Jesus and the concept of divine sonship.

Surah 7 (Al-A'raf)

Surah 7 outlines the history of divine revelation through a cycle of prophets, the fall of Adam and Satan, and the ultimate judgment based on the weight of one's deeds.

Surah 8

A Medinan surah primarily addressing the Battle of Badr, establishing laws regarding the spoils of war, military conduct, and the necessity of absolute obedience to God and His Messenger for victory.

Surah 9 (At-Tawbah)

A Medinan proclamation issuing an ultimatum to idolaters, mandating warfare against those who violate treaties or reject Islam, and establishing that true salvation is a transaction of striving (Jihad) with wealth and life in exchange for Paradise.

Surah 10 (Yunus)

This Surah asserts the divine origin of the Quran, challenges idolaters to produce a similar text, recounts the narratives of Noah, Moses, and Jonah as warnings against rejecting messengers, and explicitly denies that God has begotten a son.

Surah 11:1-123

A series of prophetic narratives describing the destruction of past nations who rejected God's messengers, serving as a warning to the contemporaries of Muhammad.

Surah 12 (Joseph)

A Quranic retelling of the narrative of Joseph (Yusuf), presented as a proof of divine revelation and a lesson in God's sovereignty, emphasizing that righteousness and patience lead to earthly and eternal reward.

Surah 13 (The Thunder)

This Surah argues for the existence and oneness of God through natural signs (thunder, rain, crops) while defending the Messenger against demands for supernatural miracles, emphasizing that the Quran itself is the sufficient sign.

Surah 14 (Ibrahim)

A Meccan surah emphasizing the stark contrast between gratitude (belief) and ingratitude (disbelief), illustrated through the narratives of Moses and Abraham, and culminating in a vivid depiction of Judgment Day.

Surah 15 (Al-Hijr)

This Surah asserts the divine preservation of the Quran, narrates the rebellion of Iblis (Satan) regarding the creation of man, and warns of the inevitable judgment awaiting those who mock God's messengers, citing the destruction of Lot's people and the dwellers of Al-Hijr.

Surah 16 (An-Nahl / The Bee)

A Meccan surah emphasizing God's oneness through the evidence of creation (nature, livestock, bees), warning against idolatry, and asserting that salvation is a reward for righteous works.

Surah 17 (Al-Isra)

This Surah recounts the Night Journey of Muhammad, establishes a moral code similar to the Decalogue, and emphatically denies the sonship of God while asserting individual responsibility for sin.

Surah 18 (Al-Kahf)

Surah 18 serves as a polemic against the Christian doctrine of Christ's sonship while establishing the necessity of righteous works for salvation through narratives of divine sovereignty.

Surah 20 (Ta-Ha)

A Meccan Surah recounting the narrative of Moses to reassure the Prophet, emphasizing strict monotheism, the certainty of Judgment Day, and the necessity of prayer and righteous works for salvation.

Surah 21 (Al-Anbiya / The Prophets)

This Surah asserts the absolute oneness of God (Tawhid) by recounting the uniform message of previous prophets, explicitly rejecting the concept of God having a son, and establishing a works-based eschatology where salvation depends on the scales of justice.

Surah 22

A discourse on the inevitability of the Day of Judgment, the establishment of the Hajj pilgrimage by Abraham, and the command to worship God alone while physically defending the faith against persecution.

Surah 23

This Surah defines the attributes of successful believers—emphasizing prayer, charity, and chastity—and defends the doctrine of the Resurrection and strict Monotheism (Tawhid) against the claims of polytheists and those who attribute a son to God.

Surah 24 (An-Nur / The Light)

This Surah establishes strict social and penal laws regarding chastity, adultery, and slander, while centrally featuring the 'Verse of Light' to describe God's guidance.

Surah 25 (Al-Furqan)

A polemic discourse asserting the divine origin of the Quran against accusations of fabrication, denying the divinity of offspring for God, and contrasting the eternal fates of the righteous and the idolaters.

Surah 26 (The Poets / Ash-Shu'ara)

A Meccan surah presenting a cyclical narrative of seven ancient prophets who preached monotheism and obedience, were rejected by their people, and witnessed God's retributive destruction of the disbelievers.

Surah 27 (An-Naml / The Ant)

This Surah asserts the absolute sovereignty of God through narratives of prophets (Moses, Solomon, Saleh, Lot), emphasizing that nature and history serve as signs for the believer. It culminates in a warning of judgment based on works and a call to total submission (Islam) to the One God.

Surah 30

Surah 30 (Al-Rum) opens with a prophecy regarding the Roman (Byzantine) empire's victory, using this historical event to pivot toward arguments for God's sovereignty through signs in nature (creation, marriage, weather) and the necessity of strict monotheism for salvation.

Surah 31 (Luqman)

This Surah emphasizes monotheism through the wisdom of the sage Luqman, outlining the requirements of prayer, humility, and filial piety while explicitly rejecting 'baseless Hadith' and warning of a Judgment where no family ties can save.

Surah 32:1-30

A Meccan surah asserting the divine origin of the Quran, the sovereignty of Allah in creation and judgment, and the stark contrast between the rewards of the submissive believer and the inevitable punishment of the arrogant disbeliever.

Surah 35

A discourse on God's absolute sovereignty as the Originator (Fatir), emphasizing the futility of idolatry, the necessity of righteous works for salvation, and the denial of vicarious atonement.

Surah 37 (As-Saffat)

A Meccan surah emphasizing the absolute unity of God, the certainty of the Resurrection, and the continuity of prophetic history, while explicitly refuting the concept of God having offspring.

Surah 38

This Surah asserts the divine origin of the Quran against arrogant disbelievers, citing the patience and repentance of prophets like David, Solomon, and Job as models of submission, while contrasting their reward with the doom of those who follow Satan's rebellion.

Surah 39

A Meccan surah emphasizing absolute monotheism (Tawhid), explicitly rejecting the concept of God having a son or partners, and declaring that all intercession belongs solely to God.

Surah 40

This Surah, titled 'The Forgiver' (Ghafir) or 'The Believer' (Al-Mu'min), asserts the absolute oneness of God, the certainty of judgment, and the futility of opposing divine revelation, illustrated through the narrative of a secret believer in Pharaoh's court.

Surah 41

This Surah asserts the Quran's divine origin, defends strict monotheism against idolatry, and warns of a judgment where one's own body parts testify against them.

Surah 42 (Ash-Shura)

This Surah asserts the unity of divine revelation across history, the absolute sovereignty of God over creation and guidance, and the necessity of submission and righteous works to escape judgment.

Surah 43

This Surah argues for strict monotheism by rejecting the attribution of offspring (daughters or sons) to God, citing the continuity of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus as servants who preached the same monotheistic message.

Surah 44 (Ad-Dukhan)

This Surah warns of an impending judgment symbolized by 'The Smoke,' validates the Quranic revelation as occurring on a 'blessed night,' and uses the narrative of Moses and Pharaoh to illustrate the consequences of rejecting God's messengers.

Surah 45 (Al-Jathiyah)

This Surah asserts the Quran's divine origin through evidences in nature, warns of inevitable judgment based on recorded deeds, and condemns those who reject God's revelations in favor of other narratives.

Surah 47

A Medinan chapter emphasizing the sharp binary between believers and disbelievers, mandating physical warfare (Qital) against the latter, and establishing that salvation is contingent upon belief, obedience to Muhammad, and active striving in God's cause.

Surah 48 (Al-Fath)

A declaration of divine victory following the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, assuring the Prophet of forgiveness and the believers of triumph while condemning those who refused to participate in the campaign.

Surah 49:1-18

This Surah establishes social ethics for the Muslim community, emphasizing respect for the Prophet, verification of information, conflict resolution, and the spiritual distinction between mere submission (Islam) and true faith (Iman).

Surah 50 (Q.)

A Meccan surah emphasizing the certainty of bodily resurrection, the omnipresence of God, and the meticulous recording of every human deed for final judgment.

Surah 52 (At-Tur)

A Meccan surah asserting the inevitability of divine judgment, contrasting the torment of disbelievers with the sensual rewards of the righteous earned by their works, and defending the Messenger against accusations of madness or poetry.

Surah 54

A Meccan surah emphasizing the imminence of Judgment Day ('The Hour') and the certainty of divine retribution against those who reject God's messengers.

Surah 55:1-78

A poetic discourse emphasizing God's sovereignty through creation, the duality of human and jinn accountability, and the binary destiny of judgment or reward.

Surah 56 (Al-Waqi'a)

A Meccan surah detailing the inevitable Day of Judgment, dividing humanity into three distinct classes based on merit, and offering arguments from nature to prove God's power to resurrect.

Surah 57

This Surah asserts God's absolute sovereignty and omniscience, demanding that believers validate their faith through financial charity (a 'loan to God') to secure salvation. It contrasts the eternal fate of believers, who possess light, against hypocrites and disbelievers, while critiquing Christian monasticism as a human invention.

Surah 58:1-22

This Medinan Surah addresses social laws regarding divorce (zihar), condemns secret conspiracies against the Messenger, and delineates the sharp boundary between the 'Party of God' and the 'Party of the Devil.'

Surah 59

This Surah details the expulsion of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir from Medina, attributing the victory solely to God's power rather than military might, and establishes rules for the distribution of spoils while emphasizing the absolute sovereignty and names of God.

Surah 60 (Al-Mumtahanah)

This Surah establishes strict social and political boundaries for believers, mandating the severance of ties with active enemies of God while permitting equity toward non-hostile non-believers, and outlines protocols for testing and integrating female converts.

Surah 61 (Al-Saff)

This Surah condemns hypocrisy, calls for unified military and spiritual striving (Jihad), asserts that Jesus predicted the coming of a messenger named Ahmad, and frames salvation as a transactional trade involving faith and sacrifice.

Surah 62 (Al-Jumu'ah)

This Surah asserts the divine appointment of a messenger to the unlettered gentiles, critiques the Jews for failing to uphold the Torah (likening them to donkeys carrying books), and establishes the obligation of the Friday congregational prayer.

Surah 63 (Al-Munafiqun)

A condemnation of hypocrites who feign belief while internally opposing the Messenger, coupled with an exhortation to believers to prioritize charity over worldly distractions before death makes repentance impossible.

Surah 64 (At-Taghabun)

This Surah asserts God's absolute sovereignty and omniscience, warning of the 'Day of Mutual Blaming' while demanding obedience to God and His Messenger as the path to salvation.

Surah 65 (Al-Talaq)

This Surah outlines specific legal statutes regarding divorce, waiting periods, and spousal maintenance, framing these social laws as direct commands from God where obedience results in the remission of sins and provision.

Surah 66 (At-Tahrim)

This Surah addresses a domestic dispute within the Prophet's household, establishing his authority over his wives, warning believers to save their families from Hell, and contrasting righteous women (Mary, Pharaoh's wife) with unrighteous ones (wives of Noah and Lot).

Surah 67 (Al-Mulk / The Kingship)

This Surah asserts God's absolute sovereignty over creation, life, and death, framing human existence as a test of conduct to distinguish the righteous from the disbelievers.

Surah 68 (Al-Qalam)

A defense of Muhammad's sanity and moral character against detractors, utilizing the parable of the garden owners to warn against greed and withholding charity, while asserting the ultimate vindication of 'Submitters' over 'criminals' on the Day of Judgment.

Surah 69 (Al-Haqqah)

A powerful eschatological discourse asserting the inevitability of Judgment Day, citing the destruction of past rebellious nations as proof, and contrasting the eternal fates of those who receive their record of deeds in their right hand versus their left.

Surah 70 (Al-Ma'arij)

A warning of inevitable judgment where the terror is so great that sinners would gladly sacrifice their families to escape, contrasted with a specific list of ritual and moral works required to deserve Paradise.

Surah 71 (Nuh)

A recounting of Noah's exhaustive and rejected mission to warn his people, emphasizing the correlation between repentance and material blessing, culminating in a prayer for the total annihilation of disbelievers.

Surah 72 (Al-Jinn)

This Surah recounts a narrative where a group of Jinn listen to the Quran, convert to Islam, and affirm strict monotheism while rejecting the concept of God having a son. It establishes the Quran's authority over the unseen world and defines the Messenger's role as a warner without independent power to save.

Surah 73:1-20

A command for the Prophet and believers to engage in arduous night prayers and Quranic recitation, followed by a relaxation of these rules due to human frailty, emphasizing works-righteousness as a 'loan' to God.

Surah 74:1-56

A Meccan surah commanding the Messenger to arise and warn humanity, condemning a specific wealthy detractor, and establishing the number 19 as a divine mathematical seal to verify the scripture.

Surah 75 (Al-Qiyamah)

A Meccan surah emphasizing the certainty of the physical resurrection, the terrifying reality of the Day of Judgment, and the individual's inescapable accountability before God.

Surah 76 (Al-Insan / The Human)

This Surah outlines the creation of humanity for the purpose of testing, contrasting the eternal fates of the grateful virtuous and the ungrateful disbelievers. It details the sensual rewards of Paradise as a direct payment for human effort and steadfastness, while emphasizing God's absolute sovereignty over human will.

Surah 77 (Al-Mursalat - The Emissaries)

A Meccan surah emphasizing the inevitability of the Day of Judgment, the certainty of divine punishment for those who reject the truth, and the reward of paradise specifically earned through human works.

Surah 78 (An-Naba / The Great News)

This Meccan Surah asserts the certainty of the Day of Judgment, using the order of the natural world as evidence of God's power to resurrect, and contrasts the terrifying fate of the transgressors with the sensual rewards of the righteous.

Surah 79

This Surah asserts the inevitability of the Day of Judgment through oaths, historical precedent (Moses and Pharaoh), and creation arguments, ultimately defining salvation as the result of reverencing God and restraining personal lusts.

Surah 80:1-42

A divine rebuke of the Prophet for prioritizing a wealthy leader over a blind seeker, followed by an exhortation on human ingratitude, the signs of creation, and the terrifying isolation of the Day of Judgment.

Surah 81:1-29

A vivid apocalyptic description of the Day of Judgment, the exposure of deeds, and a defense of the messenger's sanity and divine authorization.

Surah 82 (Al-Infitar)

A Meccan surah describing the cataclysmic events of the Day of Judgment, the recording of human deeds by angels, and the absolute sovereignty of God where no soul can intercede for another.

Surah 83 (Al-Mutaffifin)

A warning against economic fraud and denial of the afterlife, contrasting the recorded fate of the wicked in 'Sijjeen' with the righteous in 'Elleyyeen.'

Surah 84

A Meccan surah describing the cataclysmic events of the Day of Judgment, where the sky ruptures and humanity is divided into two groups based on the reception of their record of deeds.

Surah 85 (Al-Buruj)

A Meccan surah emphasizing God's sovereignty and vengeance against those who persecute believers, citing the historical martyrdom of the 'people of the canyon.'

Surah 86 (Al-Tariq)

A Meccan surah asserting the certainty of the Resurrection and Judgment Day by drawing a parallel between the physical creation of man from fluid and God's power to recreate him.

Surah 87 (Al-A'la)

A Meccan surah emphasizing God's sovereignty as Creator, the preservation of revelation, and the binary eternal fate of humanity based on their response to the divine reminder.

Surah 88 (Al-Ghashiyah)

A Meccan surah contrasting the terrifying fate of the damned with the blissful state of the righteous on Judgment Day, emphasizing that salvation is linked to satisfaction with one's works.

Surah 89 (Al-Fajr)

A warning against human arrogance and greed, citing the destruction of past civilizations and contrasting the regret of the sinner at Judgment Day with the peace of the righteous soul.

Surah 90

This Surah asserts that humanity is created for hardship and must achieve salvation by choosing the 'difficult path' of social justice and belief.

Surah 91:1-15

A Meccan surah opening with cosmic oaths to assert that human success depends entirely on the self-purification of the soul, while failure results from its corruption.

Surah 92 (Al-Lail)

A Meccan surah contrasting two spiritual paths: one of charity and belief leading to divine ease, and one of miserliness and disbelief leading to misery and hellfire.

Surah 93 (Al-Duha - The Forenoon)

A message of reassurance to the Prophet Muhammad during a period of divine silence, reminding him of God's past provision to encourage hope for the future and mandating social charity.

Surah 94:1-8

A Meccan surah offering divine comfort to the Prophet Muhammad, asserting that God has relieved his burdens and sins, and promising that hardship is accompanied by relief, contingent upon continued striving and exclusive devotion.

Surah 95 (Al-Tin)

God swears by sacred locations to affirm that humanity was created in the best form but reduced to the lowest state, redeemable only through faith and righteous works which earn a deserved reward.

Surah 96 (Al-Alaq)

This Surah commands the recitation of divine revelation, identifies God as the Creator and Teacher of humanity, and condemns human arrogance and the suppression of prayer, warning of immediate divine judgment.

Surah 97 (Al-Qadr)

This Surah celebrates the initial revelation of the Quran, designating the 'Night of Destiny' as a time of supreme spiritual value exceeding a thousand months of ordinary time.

Surah 98 (Al-Bayyinah)

This Surah asserts that the Quran and Messenger constitute the necessary 'clear proof' (Al-Bayyinah) distinguishing truth from error, condemning those who reject it—including Jews and Christians—as the 'worst of creatures,' while promising paradise to those who believe and perform Islamic rituals.

Surah 99:1-8

A short apocalyptic chapter describing the violent convulsions of the earth on the Day of Judgment and the absolute precision of divine justice, where every individual deed—no matter how microscopic—is exposed and weighed.

Surah 100:1-11

A Meccan surah that utilizes the imagery of panting war horses to illustrate human urgency in worldly pursuits, contrasting this with human ingratitude toward God and the certainty of a final judgment where all secrets are exposed.

Surah 101

A short Meccan surah describing the cataclysmic Day of Judgment and establishing a soteriology based on the weighing of deeds.

Surah 102:1-8

A stern eschatological warning condemning humanity's obsession with material accumulation ('hoarding') which distracts them until death, at which point they will face the terrifying certainty of Hell and a strict interrogation regarding their earthly blessings.